Resumen

VELARDE Z, Ariel; INCHAUSTE C, Giovani; VASQUEZ D, Gustavo  y  VELASQUEZ S, Paola. Athlete's heart physiology: echocardiographic study in athletes of stamina and strength natives of the altitude. SCIENTIFICA [online]. 2014, vol.12, n.1, pp. 19-24. ISSN 1813-0054.

Exercise physiology at sea level describes a concentric cardiac hypertrophy in stamina athletes (weightlifters and sprinters runners) and eccentric cardiac hypertrophy in endurance athletes (swimmers and cross-country runners). Objective: To determine the structural differences (dilatation and hypertrophy) and function (systolic and diastolic) of the "athlete's heart" in endurance athletes, stamina athletes in the city of La Paz, Bolivia. Design: Prospective Transversal Comparative. Place: National Institute of Thorax. Participants: professional triathlón athlete, professional lifting weights athlete. Interventions: interviews with 15 athletes between 25 and 30 years oíd were conducted to determine the most representative sample in the case of strength athletes (6 lifters and 2 sprinters runners) and stamina athletes (4 swimmers and 3 cross-country runners). Three echocardiographic studies, one on each subject of study and another echocardiographic study to a non athlete, in the month of August 2013 were performed. Results: The parietal thickness in the left ventricle of athletes are normal, the mass in the left ventricle in strength athletes (151.3 g) and stamina (171.2 g) are normal. The ejection fraction 6696 and 6596 respectively in the strength and stamina athlete. The área of the right atrium is much higher endurance athlete (18.01 cm2) than the strength athlete (15.63 cm2) as well as the diameters of the right ventricle in endurance athlete (D₁ = 2.85 cm D₂=3.63 cm D₃=7.81cm) unlike strength athlete (Di = 2.4lcm D₂=3.O7cm D₃=76.5cm). It was found in the strength athlete inferior vena cava in the limit of normal formed (2.05 cm). Conclusions: No valúes in wall thickness or left ventricular mass suggesting a physiologic hypertrophy of the athlete in height were found. The atrium and right ventricle of stamina athlete (triathlón athlete) found slightly dilated with mild pressure overload to perform dynamic exercises. The inferior vena cava strength athlete (weight-lifter) is at the limit of normal caused by the Valsalva maneuver practiced by the weightlifters.

Palabras llave : Athletes; echocardiography; physiology; altitude; Doppler.