Resumen

DENISE Y, Arnold. Beyond "lo Andino": Rethinking tiwanaku from the lowlands. Textos Antropológicos [online]. 2016, vol.17, n.1, pp. 111-134. ISSN 1025-3181.

In recent decades there has been a long debate about thepossible relevance ofthe archaeological site of Tiwanaku to the origins of Aymara-speaking peoples. In 2003, the Aymara leader Felipe Quispe, as part ofhis indigenist claims, proposed thefoundation ofan Aymara Republic, with Tiwanaku as its spiritual center. Since the inauguration ofthepresidency ofEvo Morales, in 2005, Tiwanaku has become the backdrop for many state rituals, in a reinvention ofthis site by the Aymara faction ofhis government. However, linguistic consensus holds that the site was more likely a center of Pukina or Urukilla culture, and that the dissemination of Aymara language to the region was after the pinnacle of Tiwanaku civilization. Another concern is that many aspects ofthe Tiwanaku civilization have equally pertinent links to lowland and notjust highlandpopulations. These ideas are examined in the context ofcurrent debates about centers andperipheries, localities andglobalities, in present day reflections about the Andes, where ideas about "lo andino" and the centrality ofPeru within Andean studies are also questioned. Thepaper develops an alternative view that rejects the singularity of Andean identity in the construction ofLatin American identity as a whole.

Palabras llave : Ideological construction ofthe state; plurinational state; civic nation; ethnic nation; highland-low-land interactions; Peru; Bolivia; NOA.