Abstract

CHILON CAMACHO, Eduardo. Occident and non-occident soil knowledge agricultural and plurinational complexity. Apthapi [online]. 2017, vol.3, n.1, pp. 104-114. ISSN 0102-0304.

Abstract:                For knowledge and Western science, soil and nature as a whole are considered an object and a resource that can be exploited to the point of exhaustion and disuse by man; In turn the use and exploitation of the land generates an income that is associated with the development of capital in agriculture, and the soil as an object, becomes an economic good by the action of the man subject. In the Andean non-Western conception, soil has the central role of the reproduction and regeneration of life, and acquires the connotation of Mother Earth, which must be cared for, preserved and nourished, which is key to the "continuity and Regeneration of life, "and takes the form of a ceremony to aid in the renewal of its life-giving capacity. The Aynuqa in Bolivia - the milpa in México - constitute the bastions of resistance of the original Andean and Mesoamerican agricultural peoples, in the face of capitalist globalization, if they fall, capitalism will have defeated the last bastions of the original Mesoamerican and Andean peoples , However this will be very difficult and impossible because milpa and aynuqa are a "way of life". It is not intended to deny or demean Western knowledge and soil science, but to understand its scope and limitations, especially when it is intended to introduce knowledge and technologies generated in other latitudes, to a completely different geographic, cultural and socio-economic environment.

Keywords : Agricultural soils; soil science epistemology; ancestral knowledge; conventional soil practices; soil conservation; Andean classification of agricultural soils.