Resumen

CARVAJAL OVIEDO, Hugo Eduardo; CHAMBI CAHUANA, Gladys Betty  y  VACA PAREDES DE CARRASCO, Shirley. DESCRIPCIÓN ANATÓMICA DE LA PELVIS OBSTÉTRICA Y EXAMEN PELVIMÉTRICO EN MUJERES EMBARAZADAS. Arch.Boliv.Med. [online]. 2012, vol.18, n.86, pp. 37-52. ISSN 0004-0525.

The pelvis is the inferiorportion ofthe trunk and constitutes the half part of the human skeleton, constituted by the two coxales bones and the two last pieces of the column, in other words the sacrum and coccyx. The importance ofthis article is to encourage andlead the doctor evaluate carefuly the pelvic architecture variations and control the work birth progress. The foetus takes different attitudes and positions in his foetus step by the canal ofthe birth; this is the reason that the feminine pelvis is wider than the masculine one. It's known 4 kinds of pelvis: Ginecoide, the most adequate for the spontaneous development of the vaginal birth, Android, similar to the masculine pelvis, Anthropoid and Platipeloide. Pelvic Obstetric anatomical description: It's know the bigger Pelvis or false pelvis and the menor Pelvis. This last one is the most important, because across ofit the foetus goes in, at the moment of the birth, fitting into the superior narrow part of the pelvis. This is 11-13 cm long diameter and in the narrow inside, 11 per 11 cm. Where in the foetus must adopt different rotations in transverse and sagital sense, to fit in. The Hodge level, this is a system of coordinates, that allows us to situate the way or presentation of the foetus during the birth work. In other words, It is the foetus grade study of fitting into the pelvis, it presents 4 levels. level 1, The foetus cephalic presentation is mobile. Level II: The foetus cephalic presentation is fixed. Level III: The foetus cephalic presentation is fitted. And the IV Level: The foetus cephalicpresentation is fitted deeply and the periné swelling exists. The North American literature suggests two obstetric levels: Hodge's and Lee's Wich allows to determine the grade of fitting in ofthe fetal head. The Lee's compared with Hodge's aredescribed in the following way: Grade I: - 4, Grade II: - 2 Grade III: igual to 0 and Grade IV: + 4. The Pelvimetría, is the measure ofpregnant woman's bone pelvis diameter, wich allows us to determine the presentation way in the birth work. We use the pelvímetro and a procedure that allows us to know the relation cefalopelvica and pelvicocefálica by wich will be set a prediction ofease, difficulty or impossibility or attending a birth by vaginal path. This study is made in primigestas and multiparous who experienced difficulty in previous birth work. The study is done between 37 and 40 week of pregnancy. There are two kinds of pelvimetría: External Pelvimetría and the internal pelvimetría. The Pelvigrafía, is other system which allows us to determine the shape ofthe pelvis and the viability ofa vaginal birth.

Palabras llave : knowledge; prevention; risk factors; sexually transmitted infection; VIH-AIDS.